Navigating Cyber Perils in Bhutan: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Over a decade, Bhutan witnessed massive digital transformation in various sectors offering numerous opportunities, but at the same time, this has also brought in a considerable share of cybersecurity threats and challenges. By reviewing and analysing information related to cybersecurity from various sources, such as journals, news articles, press releases, websites, and annual reports of government agencies related to Bhutan’s cybersecurity, this study identified the prominent vulnerabilities, challenges, and opportunities, and explored the mitigation strategies. It was determined that the cybersecurity threat landscape of Bhutan is dynamic and multifaceted, ranging from online scams, phishing attacks, malware infections, vulnerabilities in systems, and a lack of security awareness among the general population. Bhutan has made noticeable efforts towards cyber threat mitigation which includes improving cybersecurity awareness at various levels, collaborating with stakeholders both at national and international levels, and implementing guiding strategies. However, there are still significant challenges being faced in terms of limited allocations of budget for infrastructure and human resource development and management. In addition, penetrating security awareness at the grassroots level is a prominent challenge. There are also opportunities to work towards maintaining and retaining a technical talent pool and implementing the national cybersecurity strategy. This article provides insights into Bhutan’s cybersecurity landscape and offers recommendations for addressing current challenges and building capabilities to combat cyber threats effectively.